• Surgery (radical prostatectomy)
The whole prostate is removed with the seminal vesicles, the deferent canals (conducting the sperm), part of the bladder neck and the surrounding lymph nodes.
At the localized stage (stages T1 & T2), the radical prostatectomy is the reference treatment. This surgical intervention is complex (general anesthesia for 3 to 4 hours).

• External radiotherapy
This treatment involves the use of very high energy rays directed at the prostate gland. Radiotherapy does not require anesthesia, and the treatment is usually done during a regular office visit: patients are usually treated five days per week in an outpatient center over a period of seven or eight weeks, with each session lasting a few minutes.

• HIFU : Transrectal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (Ablatherm)
The ABLATHERM HIFU is a medical device piloted by a computer, designed to treat localized prostate cancer using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The energy is delivered through an endorectal probe. The ultrasound waves travel through the rectal wall and are focused in the prostate. This focusing produces intense heat and provokes the destruction of the tissue inside the targeted zone without dammaging surrounding tissues. The treatment (1 to 3 hours) can be performed under spinal anesthesia.

• Brachytherapy
During this technique 50 - 150 radioactive seeds are implanted directly into the prostate gland through the perinea using 20 - 40 needles. This is done under general anesthesia (2 to 3 hours). It is recommended that the patient avoid close contact with children and pregnant women for two months after seed implant.

• Cryotherapy
In cryotherapy, the prostate is frozen solid under ultrasound guidance to control the extent of the freeze. The procedure is done under anesthesia and requires at least an overnight stay in the hospital.